The Sociocultural Construction of Romantic Love, by Coral Herrera Gómez

Herrera Gómez, Coral: “The Sociocultural Construction of Romantic Love”, Editorial Fundamentos, Madrid, 2011.

Always understood as a biological reproductive phenomenon and overlooked by scientific discourse, very few scholars have given romantic passion the attention it deserves. This title, the result of doctoral research, analyzes the phenomenon of love in all its complexity, with a particular focus on its sociocultural construction from a queer perspective.

The central thesis of this work is that emotions are constructed in society through culture, and therefore we learn to feel through narratives and myths. The emotional patterns we learn in childhood and adolescence through movies, stories, novels, and songs have not been subject, until recently, to rigorous academic investigation, yet they determine our identity, our daily life, and our forms of social and economic organization.

Through a process of criticism and deconstruction, the author unveils the mythification of patriarchal romanticism, highlighting the emotional utopias of postmodernity, and deconstructing binary thinking and concepts of the “normal” or “natural,” which vary according to cultures and historical periods, just as the culture of love varies in every corner of the planet. The book focuses on the analysis of Western romantic love, and offers a critique of the social and cultural conditioning that impoverishes and limits our sexuality and networks of affection.

Coral Herrera Gómez (Madrid, 1977) holds a PhD in Humanities and Audiovisual Communication. She is an educator, researcher, gender and communication consultant, blogger, and writer. Her doctoral thesis explored the topic of romantic love from a multidisciplinary perspective that incorporates feminism and masculinity studies. Since then, her professional trajectory has been linked to reflection on the construction of reality through media and cultural industries. She has also delved into the legitimizing relationship between our emotional and cultural structures and our sociopolitical and economic organization. On her blog, she deconstructs the myths of monogamous heterosexuality that perpetuate inequalities and mutual dependence, always using a language of humor and activism. Her ultimate proposal is to expand love to communities in order to dismantle patriarchy, individualism, hierarchies, and inequalities.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

INTRODUCTION

I. THE SOCIOCULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF LOVE

1.1. HOW DO WE CONSTRUCT REALITY?

1.1.1. WHAT IS REALITY?
OTHER REALITIES
IDEOLOGIES

1.1.2. THE SOCIOCULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITY AND GENDER
GENDERED IDENTITY
MASCULINITY
FEMININITY

1.2. WHAT IS LOVE?

1.2.1. INFATUATION AND FALLING OUT OF LOVE.
INFATUATION
FALLING OUT OF LOVE
LOVE SICKNESS: THE PATHOLOGIES OF LOVE

1.2.2 BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF LOVE
REASON VERSUS EMOTION.

1.2.3. THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DIMENSION OF LOVE

1.2.4. THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF GENDER RELATIONS

MARRIAGE
DIVORCE

1.3. HUMAN SEXUALITY.

1.3.1. FEMALE SEXUALITY

1.3.2. THE ECONOMIC DIMENSION OF SEXUALITY

1.3.3. THE MYTH OF MONOGAMY

1.3.4. THE MYTH OF HETEROSEXUALITY

HETERO, HOMO, BISEXUALITY, AND QUEER
THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION AND THE CRISIS OF PATRIARCHY

1.3.5. ALTERNATIVE SEXUAL AND AMOROUS IDEOLOGIES
SEXUAL FREEDOM AND LICENTIOUSNESS
FREE LOVE
THE SWINGER MOVEMENT
BDSM

1.4. LOVE AND POWER BETWEEN GENDERS.

1.4.1. DO MEN AND WOMEN LOVE EQUALLY?

1.4.2. PATRIARCHAL POWER IN LOVE
MALE POWER
FEMALE POWER
PATRIARCHAL ROMANTICISM

II. THE CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF LOVE

2.1. THE CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY AND LOVE

2.1.1. THE SYMBOLIC CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY
2.1.2. THE SYMBOLIC CONSTRUCTION OF LOVE
2.1.3. AMOROUS IDEOLOGIES
HEGEMONIC LOVE AND ALTERNATIVE LOVES
THE LEGITIMATING THEORIES OF HEGEMONIC LOVE IN THE WEST
2.1.4. THE RELIGIOUS DIMENSION OF LOVE.
2.1.5. THE MYTHIC AND RITUAL DIMENSION OF LOVE
AMOROUS MYTHS
AMOROUS RITUALS
THE WEDDING RITUAL

2.2. PASSIONATE LOVE IN HUMAN NARRATIVES

PASSIONATE LOVE IN ANCIENT GREECE
COURTLY LOVE
PASSIONATE LOVE OF THE 18TH CENTURY
ROMANTIC LOVE
FEMININE ROMANTICISM

III. LOVE AS THE EMOTIONAL UTOPIA OF POSTMODERNITY

3.1. THE POSTMODERN MASS CULTURE

3.2. POSTMODERN IDENTITY
THE CRISES OF MASCULINITY
THE POSTMODERN WOMAN

3.3. LOVE RELATIONSHIPS IN POSTMODERNITY: LOVE AS EMOTIONAL                  UTOPIA
MYTHIFIED LOVE
THE EMOTIONAL UTOPIA OF POSTMODERNITY
UTOPIAN LOVE ADAPTED TO SOCIAL REALITY

3.4. PROPOSALS FOR THE SOCIOCULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF LOVE IN

THE 21ST CENTURY

I am the owner of my love: Women Against the Great Romantic Scam, by Coral Herrera

With great excitement, I present my sixth book. You can find it in all bookstores: "Owner of My Love: Women Against the Great Romantic Scam." This book is a collection of short essays in which I expose all those who benefit from women's suffering and the big business built around the Great Romantic Scam that puts all of us on our knees.

How do they do it? How do they manage to make millions of girls, teenagers, and adult women believe that happiness lies in finding their other half and creating a "happy family" with the prince charming? What happens when we realize it's a trap? How does romantic suffering destroy us from within, and who takes advantage of it? How are we going to protect young girls so they don't go naked into the patriarchal war of love?

This book is a feminist call to women's rebellion: we need to disarm Cupid so he no longer subdues us. We must understand who funds Cupid, who benefits from romantic suffering, and how to free ourselves and future generations of women from living on our knees in front of love.

 

An invitation to take away Cupid's bow and arrows, to dethrone those who want women on their knees, and to free ourselves from the traps of romanticism. After the sexual revolution, the love revolution arrives: women who want to stop suffering for love are working to detach themselves from one of the most powerful drugs in the world, and to prevent more women from becoming love junkies and succumbing to the grand romantic scam. We cannot leave girls and teenagers alone while they are bombarded with princess tales and movies with happy endings.

We must prepare them so they don't go naked into the global war against women, naively believing in the myths that bring us to our knees: the romantic myth, the myth of the happy family, the myth of balance.

Coral Herrera invites us to rise up, to take Cupid's bow and arrows away, to dethrone the kings who want us on our knees, and to free ourselves from the traps of romanticism. In this book, the author exposes all those who benefit from women's suffering and challenges men to join the revolution by engaging in self-criticism, both individually and collectively.

Romance is political: with feminism, we have learned that we are not slaves to love and that we are not at the mercy of gods or destiny. Coral encourages us to take the reins and fight for our autonomy and freedom: we have the right to pleasure and to enjoy love, and we must never forget that we are all the owners of our desires, our feelings, and our dreams.

Youy can find it in Amazon:

How to Enjoy Love: Tools to Transform Romantic Love, by Coral Herrera Gómez

Table of Contents

 

Introduction

  1. The Love Thermometer
  2. The Unlove Thermometer
  3. Tools for Enjoying Infatuation
  4. Tools for Demystifying Happy Couples
  5. Tools for Demystifying the Romantic Myth, Princesses, and Prince Charmings
  6. Tools for Enjoying Sex More
  7. Tools for Addressing Self-Deception
  8. Tools for Emotion Self-Regulation
  9. Tools for Overcoming Self-Sabotage and Abuse
  10. Tools for Dealing with Fear and Jealousy
  11. Tools for Addressing Romantic Masochism and Victim Mentality
  12. Tools for Working on Self-Esteem
  13. Tools for Overcoming Emotional Dependency
  14. Tools for Dealing with Power Struggles in a Relationship
  15. Tools for an Ethical Approach to Love
  16. Tools for Managing Anger and Pain
  17. Tools for Separating with Love
  18. Tools for Going Through Grief
  19. Tools for Committing to Yourself
  20. Tools for Being Practical and Realistic
  21. Tools for Creating Your Own Violet Glasses
  22. Tools for Nurturing Love
  23. Tools for Expanding and Multiplying Love
  24. Tools for Applying Theory into Practice

INTRODUCTION

Romantic love is one of the most beautiful experiences that humans go through, but also one of the most painful. Millions of people dedicate tons of time, energy, and resources to finding their soulmate, believing that doing so will transform their lives, save them, solve their problems, and bring immense happiness.

The romantic dream often leads us to suffer greatly, as finding our "better half" is very challenging, and even when we find them, we often end up disappointed because relationships are not as beautiful, perfect, and marvelous as portrayed in fairy tales and movies.

The romantic myth is a collective illusion, a shared mirage across nearly all cultures worldwide, laden with false promises. We dream of a romantic paradise, yet in reality, we spend more time suffering from love than truly enjoying it. I believe that women suffer more from love than men do, because from a young age, we are bombarded with the idea that love will save us.

We are taught to place love and caring at the center of our lives. Our love for a man often puts many of us in a submissive position, and unconsciously, we assume traditional feminine roles that create dependency on men.

This contradiction causes us great suffering: we want to be free and autonomous, to build equal, healthy, and beautiful relationships, to enjoy life with or without a partner, and to reconcile our feminist beliefs with our feelings and ways of relating.

But it's quite difficult. As we start working to enjoy our relationship with ourselves, love, and life more, the main challenge we face is putting theory into practice. We receive no emotional or sentimental education that helps us learn to love ourselves properly: the only references we have to create our emotional world are the adult romantic relationships in our closest family and social circles, and the novels, movies, series, and songs of our culture.

We need tools that help us love and treat ourselves well, to resolve conflicts without violence, to identify and express our emotions so they don't overwhelm us and harm anyone. In the current educational and parenting system, all we are taught is how to suppress them, differently based on whether we are girls or boys: it's clear to us from a young age that girls shouldn't get angry, and boys shouldn't cry.

Our emotional education is based on denying and repressing our emotions, which is why when we experience intense emotional stories, we become unwell: our mental health deteriorates as we suffer.

And that's when we seek help from professionals: when we are already broken, both externally and internally. In reality, these professionals should be able to help us from the beginning, to understand human relationships, and to work to make them less conflicted and painful.

Until very recently, within feminism, it was assumed that romantic love was a trap for women, and that in order to be free, we had to give up falling in love with a man. As I devoured feminist books for my thesis, I thought, it can't be true, there must be a way to reclaim love, redefine it, transform it, reinvent it.

There must be a way to liberate love from sexism: and there is.

Love is in a constant state of construction, so we can keep the best aspects of our culture of love and get creative in imagining other ways of loving and caring for ourselves.

Since the romantic is political, the work is not only personal but also collective, and I feel that there are more and more people eager to transform love in order to enjoy it.

I believe that more and more of us are working on a love revolution that includes not only romantic love but also caring and networks of affection that support and accompany us on the journey of life.

The common goal of this emotional revolution is to love ourselves well, to love each other more and better, to free love from all its sexist baggage and patriarchal structure, and to learn to build beautiful, healthy, and egalitarian relationships.

Many women are coming together to imagine other ways of loving ourselves beyond the patriarchal romantic model, and to create our own love utopias that serve as an alternative to the romantic hegemony of sadomasochism and the glorification of suffering.

We are working to relate to each other and organize ourselves differently, so that our relationships are free from violence and exploitation, so that we can love without suffering and without causing suffering to others.

We are engaged in an emotional and loving revolution that is both personal and political.

I am writing this book convinced that we can suffer less and enjoy love more. Throughout my research on romantic love, I have found that there is no magical formula for happiness in a romantic relationship, but we can build our own tools to strive for a good quality of life, to suffer as little as possible, and to transform love in a way that reaches all of us.

Three years ago, I founded the Love Laboratory, a research group composed of women of different ages and countries dedicated to studying romantic love and working to find a way to love ourselves without suffering or causing suffering to others.

We are a bit like the peasants of love: we sow seeds and we are already reaping the fruits of the work we are doing together. Our common goal is to enjoy sex, love, and life more, and our mottos are: the romantic is political, and other ways of loving are possible.

We analyze patriarchal romanticism to identify and dismantle the myths with which we are seduced, and to understand how we have internalized all gender mandates through love. We work on self-awareness through loving self-criticism: we want to know ourselves better, work on our patriarchies, and learn to love ourselves and others well.

In the Love Laboratory, we have a toolbox that we feed with the lessons we have accumulated since we fell in love for the first time to those we are acquiring in the present.

We also nourish our toolbox with good advice. Advice that we give to our dearest friends to seek happiness, take better care of themselves, leave relationships in which they are not happy, and stop wasting time with guys who don't know how to enjoy love...

This advice is based on the affection we feel for them and on common sense, which we all have since we were old enough to reason. It's simply a matter of applying these pieces of advice to ourselves, listening to ourselves with love, and getting to work to help ourselves.

We also feed the toolbox with tricks, strategies, formulas that have worked for us to deal with mourning, jealousy, fear, guilt, suffering, emotional dependency, ego, self-esteem, assertiveness, empowerment, self-care, the machismo violence we have suffered, and the way we have worked on all of this to be able to enjoy love.

Together, we generate resources and tools for self-critical analysis, both individually and collectively, and to put into practice our own love utopia.

In this book, I share some of the tools we work with in the Love Laboratory. I feel that since I published my doctoral thesis until now, there are more and more people looking for ways to stop suffering for love and to free themselves from the patriarchies that inhabit us. It's not easy because we have very few references of people who enjoy love.

Most of our heroines and heroes are great sufferers, and the love stories they offer us are based on the sadomasochism inherited from Christian culture.

So, we have to undertake a cultural revolution to imagine different heroines, heroes, plots, and other happy endings. We need to invent new models of love and rediscover the diversity that is hidden behind the hegemonic model of the heterosexual couple that forms a happy family.

It's a huge task that we have to do together in order to experience love on a much broader scale, without limiting it to romantic partnerships.

We need to explore new ways of loving each other, new ways of relating and enjoying life: as couples, in groups, and on our own. We need to pool all our energies, our love, our imagination, our creativity, and our knowledge to carry out the revolution of love, affection, and care.

We want to learn to love ourselves more and better, and the question I get asked the most in my conferences, workshops, and online courses is: how? So, in this book, I wanted to share my working methodology, which is quite simple.

It starts from the idea that most of our problems are not personal but collective problems. Therefore, we need to find collective solutions.

Since love causes us so much suffering, it is necessary to work on it to transform it and free it from machismo and patriarchy. Women have always talked a lot about love, patriarchy, the sexual division of labor and life, emotions, desire, and eroticism, relationships between men and women, but until recently, it wasn't considered a political issue.

Today, thanks to feminism, we have come to understand that suffering for love is not a matter of bad luck but a social and political issue: what happens to one of us, happens to all of us.

Romantic love is a gigantic social and cultural construct that changes according to historical periods and geographical areas. We learn to love in a capitalist and patriarchal organizational system, inherit beliefs and taboos, assume norms and prohibitions, reproduce customs, and when we have internalized all the patriarchal romanticism, we reproduce it and pass it on to the next generations.

The first step to start working is to analyze how we learn to love, focusing on the difference between men and women. We are educated differently, have different expectations about romantic love, and that's why it's so difficult for us to love each other well.

Furthermore, we live in a system that takes advantage of half of the human population: our relationships are exploitative.

Understanding why women voluntarily subject ourselves to these relationships of domination and submission is helping us better understand our love culture and dismantle all the myths that seduce us to place love at the center of our lives.

The second step is to do exercises and generate tools that serve to free love from machismo and free ourselves from the patriarchies that inhabit us. In order to put theory into practice, it is very important to become aware of how we internalize patriarchal romanticism.

Once you identify everything that hurts you, doesn't help you, or you don't like, it becomes easier to design a strategy to work on everything you want to change.

The third step is to put the strategy into practice: it is very important to have confidence in oneself and understand that no woman is doomed to suffer for love, that everything can be worked on, that relationships can be enjoyed as well as singleness, that we can experience love differently, avoid painful relationships, and exit violent relationships.

To achieve this, it is necessary to work extensively on personal self-esteem and collective empowerment. In the Love Laboratory, we have always been accompanied by the battle cry of "Yes, it is possible!"

Love is an energy that moves the world, and there is no need to limit it to romantic relationships. The more love we have in our lives, the happier we will be, and the more diverse our loves and larger our affections, the easier and more beautiful life will be for each and every one of us.

A romantic partner cannot be the sole source of love: it's just one relationship in the network of affections we build from childhood to death.

The tools we work with are primarily strategies that we design based on the questions we generate in our research processes. These strategies help us look at ourselves from a different perspective, see ourselves from the outside, give ourselves good advice, and take care of ourselves and each other.

These strategies sometimes work and sometimes they don't, which is why we need to keep experimenting, choosing, and discarding. It's an exciting research process, and as we share it with more women, we nourish ourselves with good advice, our own experiences, and the experiences of others. Our comrades' stories help us understand what we're going through and build our own life narrative.

One of the key aspects of our work is to prioritize enjoyment, save ourselves from suffering, avoid problems, manage our emotions, and be practical in facing reality. The idea is not to waste time and energy searching for the ideal person or insisting on making a relationship work that isn't and won't work.

If we are together, it's to enjoy, and if we're not enjoying, then we're certainly better off apart.

With this focus on enjoyment, it becomes easier to take care of ourselves, make good decisions, and free ourselves from the need to be loved. We should spare as many tears as possible.

Suffering makes us look unattractive and ages us. It's the exact opposite of what happens when we fall in love and are happy: we appear radiant, our hair, gaze, and skin shine, and everyone notices our nights of love.

When we suffer, on the other hand, our dark circles, bags, and wrinkles become more pronounced, our smile fades, our gaze becomes dull, and our skin dries out. We're always more tired because suffering drains our energy and joy of living.

Suffering is not free: besides aging us, it damages us both internally and externally. Our mental and emotional health is harmed, as is our physical health. We become love addicts, isolate ourselves from others, and have such a strong need to be loved that we're willing to beg or demand love on our knees.

As we are tired of suffering, we need to find a way to reclaim our right to pleasure, well-being, and happiness. What we want is to put all our learnings into practice and share them so that everyone can use them in their personal journey.

The Love Laboratory is a space for collective knowledge building where each person contributes with their questions, readings, experiences, both from their past and present. This is how we are constructing a complete methodology that allows us to ground our dreams in reality, while still taking great care of ourselves.

Each person builds their own romantic utopia, but there is a foundation without which it's not possible to enjoy love: for a relationship to be beautiful and healthy, it must be free, equal, based on mutual respect, kindness, support, complicity, and companionship. With these basic ingredients, each individual can construct their own model of love and design strategies to shape it and bring it to life.

All our work is based on self-awareness and self-critique in the realm of love, where we identify what we don't like, what we could improve, or what we could avoid to be better.

Then, we think about how to eliminate those patterns, how to break free from cycles of pain in our relationships, how to end power struggles in couples, how to work on jealousy, guilt, fears, masochism, victimhood, Ego, self-esteem, and power.

In this book, I share the work I've done throughout my life, as well as some of what we've been doing in recent years at the Love Laboratory and in the School of Love. You'll find tools to create your own violet lenses, to know if you're being loved properly, to end the war against yourself, to learn how to take care of yourself and love yourself properly.

You'll also find keys to working through grief, to enjoying sex more, to using your power without harming others, to being more realistic, to avoiding victimhood, to not subjugating or dominating others, to resolving your problems through communication, empathy, and assertiveness.

There's a lot of work ahead of us, but we must have fun in order to enjoy the process. Because it has no end; it's a lifelong journey. It's an exciting challenge: it's about nothing more and nothing less than separating love from suffering, and uniting love with pleasure and enjoyment.

It's about learning to relate and organize ourselves in a different way, finding ways to overcome hatred, conquer loneliness, and unite to build a better world where love reaches everyone.

This revolution of care, affection, and love must be pleasurable: if we want to stop suffering, we need to enjoy all this work. My advice is always that it's more enjoyable to work surrounded by brave women and men who are on the same path as us.

Because the joy of living and the desire to enjoy are contagious: the more we are, the faster we will progress in the transformation we need.

I hope you enjoy these tools, find them useful for your journey, and that my tremendous desire to reinvent and enjoy love is contagious as you read this book.

Coral Herrera Gómez

You can find "How to enjoy love" in Amazon: